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Nginx 網頁伺服器

簡單說

Nginx 就是提供 靜態網頁 相關服務的伺服器

說明

Nginx 是著名的 Web Server 網頁伺服器，常見運用 反向代理 在伺服器上。

圖片出處

使用者 -> 發出 請求 -> Nginx 代理伺服器，接收 請求 -> 轉發適合的 服務端

得到 服務端 響應後 -> Nginx 代理伺服器 -> 轉發響應給 使用者

常用功能

  • 負載均衡功能
  • 加密

TIP

反向代理 優點

安裝

Mac

bash
brew install nginx

Linux

bash
# 更新 apt-get 套件
sudo apt-get update 

# 安裝 nginx
sudo apt-get install nginx

操作指令

nginx 最主要的功能，都來個它的設置檔，在了解功能後，可以在設置檔上，加上想要的功能。

基本

啟動 nginx

bash
nginx

關閉 nginx

bash
nginx -s stop

重新啟動 nginx

bash
nginx -s reload
nginx 啟動後可以在 localhost:8080 看到服務

查詢文件位置

可以從查詢文件，知道 nginx 設置檔的文件位置

bash
nginx -t
bash
# 響應
<< nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
<< nginx: configuration file /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

編輯設置檔

進入 nginx 目錄

bash
cd /usr/local/etc/nginx/

  • vim 編輯

    bash
    vi nginx.conf

  • vscode 編輯

    bash
    code .
nginx.conf 預設內容
bash
#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
  worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
  include       mime.types;
  default_type  application/octet-stream;

  #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
  #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
  #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

  #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

  sendfile        on;
  #tcp_nopush     on;

  #keepalive_timeout  0;
  keepalive_timeout  65;

  #gzip  on;

  server {
    listen       8080;
    server_name  localhost;

    #charset koi8-r;

    #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

    location / {
      root   html;
      index  index.html index.htm;
    }

    #error_page  404              /404.html;

    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
      root   html;
    }

    # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
    #}

    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #    root           html;
    #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
    #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
    #    include        fastcgi_params;
    #}

    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
    # concurs with nginx's one
    #
    #location ~ /\.ht {
    #    deny  all;
    #}
  }

  # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
  #
  #server {
  #    listen       8000;
  #    listen       somename:8080;
  #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

  #    location / {
  #        root   html;
  #        index  index.html index.htm;
  #    }
  #}


  # HTTPS server
  #
  #server {
  #    listen       443 ssl;
  #    server_name  localhost;

  #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
  #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

  #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
  #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

  #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
  #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

  #    location / {
  #        root   html;
  #        index  index.html index.htm;
  #    }
  #}
  include servers/*;

修改文件配置

除基礎操作外，客制化設置可以到 文件設置方法。

Reference